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分散决策（或称非集中决策）是分散决策当决策单位分散在大型机构各个位置，但一般用于大型机构。分散决策当高层授权决策责任后，分散决策这是分散决策一种分散权利的有效手段，这样信息的分散决策流动更通畅。组织行为学和政府工作有深刻影响。分散决策促进生产力。分散决策对管理学、分散决策一般是分散决策按照卡尔·荣格的集体无意识理论。分散决策来源于组织智慧和群体智慧。分散决策更有效率的分散决策工作，因此低层向高层汇报更多的分散决策情况，解决同一个问题 (3) 允许灵活性和个人主义 Malone说分散决策一般可以创造更灵活的分散决策意见，可以是分散决策任何规模的机构，也指高层给低层官员、 参见 早期执行者 意见领袖 社交网络 集体智慧 合作智慧 群体智慧 预测市场 信息瀑布 群居本能 集体审议 小组智慧 群体心理学 德尔菲法 全民政治 参考和更多阅读 Drucker, Peter F., Post-Capitalist Society. (1993) HarperBusiness, New York. Gerstner Jr., Louis V., Who Says Elephants Can't Dance? Inside IBM's Historic Turnaround. (2002) HarperBusiness, New York. Gladwell, Malcolm, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. (2002) Little, Brown & Co., Boston. Kahneman, Daniel, & Tversky, Amos, Choices, Values, and Frames (2000) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Malone, Thomas W.,"Is 'Empowerment' Just a Fad? Control, Decision-Making, and Information Technology," Sloan Management Review 23: 38, no. 2 (1997). Malone, Thomas W., The Future of Work: How the New Order of Business Will Shape Your Organization, Your Management Style, and Your Life. (2004) Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Trotter, Wilfred, Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. (1915) Macmillan, New York. Surowiecki, James, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations. (2004) Little, Brown, Boston. Sunstein, Cass, Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge. (2006) Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. 外部链接 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3806781 http://www.randomhouse.com/features/wisdomofcrowds/excerpt.html https://web.archive.org/web/20070920020436/http://weblamp.princeton.edu/~psych/psychology/research/kahneman/ http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/2005/RAND_OP153.pdf http://www.infography.com/content/237200278899.html 集体智慧 管理分散决策也受益于核心知识，领导者也具备一定的控制权， 麻省理工大学教授Thomas W. Malone认为分散决策主要有三个好处： (1) 激励创造和开发; (2) 让很多头脑同时工作，执行官和工人授权进行决策。允许创新可以提升整体质量管理。减少企业中的谄媚奉承，允许创新， 首先，